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Ignacio Hidalgo de Cisneros : ウィキペディア英語版 | Ignacio Hidalgo de Cisneros
Ignacio Hidalgo de Cisneros y López-Montenegro (1896-1966) was a Spanish military aviator. He is known as commander of the Republican air force during the Spanish Civil War. He is also noted as one of few aristocrats who joined the Spanish Communist Party and author of war memoirs, published in the 1960s. ==Carlist==
Ignacio Hidalgo de Cisneros was descendant to an aristocratic family, many times noted in the history of Spain. The Hidalgos, originating from Léon, and the Cisneros, originating from Palencia,〔 Francesca Colomer Pellicer, ''Los Hidalgo de Cisneros: un ejemplo de radicación en una sociedad gracias al matrimonio'', () James Casey (ed.), ''Familia, parentesco y linaje'', 1997, ISBN 8476848633, 9788476848630, p. 343〕 intermarried a number of times across the centuries. Ignacio’s great-great-grandfather, Francisco Hidalgo de Cisneros y Seija (1730-1794), as a younger son did not inherit the family wealth; he left his native Gipuzkoa and rising to teniente general settled in Cartagena.〔 see ''Francisco Hidalgo de Cisneros y Seija, Virrey del Río de la Plata'' enty at ''Geni'' genealogical service available (here ), also ''Francisco Hidalgo de Cisneros'' entry at ''Euskomedia'' service available (here ), Colomer Pellicer 1997, pp. 343-354〕 His son and great-grandfather of Ignacio, Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros y de la Torre (1756-1829), became Viceroy of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.〔see ''Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros y de la Torre'' entry at ''Geni'' genealogical service, available (here ); for details see Demetrio Ramos, ''Paralelismo entre Melendez Bruna e Hidalgo de Cisneros, dos marinos gobernantes en America, en la epoca amancipadora'', () Federico Suarez, ''Estudios de historia moderna y contemporanea'', 1991, ISBN 8432127485, 9788432127489, pp 407-416, also ''Biografía de don Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros'' at ''todoababor'' service, available (here )〕 His son and Ignacio’s grandfather, Francisco Hidalgo de Cisneros y Gaztambide (1803-1864), became also a military who sided with the legitimists during the First Carlist War;〔 José Antonio Gallgo, ''El levantamiento carlista de Castilla La Vieja'', Madrid 2002, ISBN 9788497390262, p. 289〕 he returned from Murcia to the North, settling in Álava.〔 see ''Francisco Hidalgo de Cisneros y Gaztambide'' entry at ''Geni'' genealogical service, available (here )〕 His son and Ignacio’s father, Ignacio Hidalgo de Cisneros y Unceta (1852-1903),〔 see ''Ignacio María Cecilio Clemente Hidalgo de Cisneros y Unceta'' entry at ''Geni'' genealogical service, available (here )〕 abandoned school to join the Carlists during the Third Carlist War and became head of the personal guard of the claimant.〔 Ignacio Hidalgo de Cisneros, ''Dobry wiatr alisio'', Warszawa 1961, p. 13〕 He accompanied Carlos VII into exile and returned to Álava following the amnesty.〔 Hidalgo de Cisneros 1961, p. 14〕 He married Pilar Manso de Zúñiga y Echeverría; the couple had 4 children. Following early death of his wife, in 1881 he married María López de Montenegro y González de Castejón,〔 see ''María López de Montenegro y González de Castejón'' entry at ''Geni'' genealogical service, available (here )〕 a widow who had earlied married the brother of his first wife and already had 2 children.〔 Hidalgo de Cisneros 1961, p. 15〕 The couple had only one son, Ignacio. As a child Ignacio was brought up in a religious and Traditionalist ambience, with the family house in Vitoria often visited by Carlist combatants.〔 Hidalgo de Cisneros 1961, pp. 11-16〕 He was indeed captivated by Carlism:
During my childhood there must have been frequent references made at home to the Carlists, as my earliest memories are all about the events in which they played a key role. () I remember talks about a new Carlist uprising forthcoming.〔indeed around 1899-1901 rumors about another Carlist war were widespread, with some government circles and press titles getting hysterical, see Agustín Fernández Escudero, ''El marqués de Cerralbo (1845–1922): biografía politica'' (thesis ), Madrid 2012, p. 387. The unrest boiled down to few isolated 1900 incidents in Catalonia, known as La Octubrada, compare here〕 At that time I imagined that they were hiding all around Vitoria, waiting for a sign to jump out of their hideouts and capture the city.〔Vitoria was indeed captured by the Carlists, though as late as July 1936; for detailed socio-cultural analysis of those who “jumped out of their hideouts and captured the city” see Javier Ugarte Tellería, ''La nueva Covadonga insurgente: orígenes sociales y culturales de la sublevación de 1936 en Navarra y el País Vasco'', Madrid 1998, ISBN 847030531X, 9788470305313, the chapter dealing with Alavese Carlism, ''La ciudad acoge a la aldea'' pp. 165-228, especially the sections ''Verano del 36: la frialidad de Vitoria'' and ''Vitoria: capital de segundo orden'', pp. 188-226〕 Each time I was looking at the nearby mountains from the window of my house – located at the intersection of Estacion and Florida streets – I imagined they were full of Carlists. At night I was dreaming about the Carlists. The image of my father is always related to the Carlists – I hardly remember him the way I used to see him every day. Usually when I think of my father, I see a young man in a cavalry outfit, with a carefully grown beard and a gutsily worn Carlist beret. This image is undoubtedly derived from his war photographs that we had at home.〔 Hidalgo de Cisneros 1961, p. 11〕 Orphaned by his father at the of 7, Ignacio was first educated in schools ran by the Servants of Mary order in Vitoria.〔 Hidalgo de Cisneros 1961, p. 15〕 At that time, having witnessed attempts by local aviation pioneers on the hills surrounding Vitoria, he was fascinated by planes and by flying.〔 Hidalgo de Cisneros 1961, p. 31〕 In 1910 he joined the cadet college in Vitoria, determined to become an officer and to serve as a military pilot.〔 Hidalgo de Cisneros 1961, p. 34〕 Unaccustomed to discipline and enjoying life rather than pursuing his curriculum, as emergency measure the young Ignacio was transferred to Toledo, to the school managed by the Carlist friend of his late father, Cesáreo Sanz Escartin;〔 Hidalgo de Cisneros 1961, p. 36〕 unsuccessful also there, at unspecified date he finally completed the Madrid Academia de Révora.〔 Hidalgo de Cisneros 1961, p. 38〕
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